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Global
Illumination: Ideal for realistic lighting,
with colors bouncing from one object to another,
and soft shadows.
HDRI:
Adds complex lighting and reflections from a
real-world environment. Perfect for realistic
lighting, and for highly reflective objects.
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Caustics:
Shows the effect of light reflecting from mirrored
surfaces, or being distorted through glass, for
when those are central to an image.
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Glossy
Reflection / Refraction: A soft look
to reflections and refractions, ideal for
slightly reflective objects (table tops,
floors, many plastics, dull chrome, etc),
or slightly opaque objects (plastics,
frosted glass, etc).
Sub-surface
Scattering: Calculates light being
"bounced around" inside the
surface of an object. Ideal for materials
that have some translucency, such as
paper, wax, skin, cloth, jade, marble, egg
shells, and more.
Fresnel
Effects: The strength of reflections
and refractions changes depending on the
angle you look at a surface. Allows for
very realistic reflective materials, and
especially useful for realistic glass
objects (eg wine glasses).
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